Didactic DNA
Project 1.1
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Francis Kéré
Kéré Architecture
Francis Kéré was the first child in the village
to be sent to school and later graduated from Berlin
(supported by the locals in Gando).
He was symbolized as a "light of hope"
who brings better life to
Burkina Faso.
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Dano Secondary School
Gando Primary School
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Matrix
I'd prefer to explain the second row first
because it is the first project Francis done,
becoming the inspiration to his other designs.
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Site Data
Burkina Faso is one of the poorest country in the
world. In this country (about a decade ago), there were no regulations, no architects - engineers, no electricity and clean water. 85-90 percent
of people are illiteracy.
There are 2 seasons : Dry (Nov-Jun) // Rainy (Jul-Oct)
Houses are made of mud and clay.
Rain is the main cause of house deterioration.
Project - GOALS
- To help people to help themselves / become independent
from other nations and gain more skills
- Improve quality of life
- Help the locals to appreciate the value of local materials
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Second Row
GANDO PRIMARY SCHOOL
Gando Village, Burkina Faso
Finished 2001
Gando School was Francis's first project, started while
he was studying in university in Berlin. The building processes are 100 percent handmade.
The clay making method is very simple and old-fashioned :
bring a piece of earth > crush it again and again > add some water and
compressed it with wooden stick or just by stomp on it so we get a thick sheet of laterite >
cut it with handsaw so we get pieces of laterite brick.
The shape of school is very simple : starting from I-shaped block and
divide it into 3 identical rooms. Every room is classroom.
The space between the first 2 classrooms is workshop space.
Clay is opaque. The design plays on porousness of the building
in order to increase its 'transparency' - not looking too solid.
(can see through the building - from one side of the window to the another side)
Francis decided to focus on cross ventilation system (related to porousness)
the air just flow from one window to another window.
The corrugated roof also elevated from the ceiling and supported with trusses
to let air freely flow between the roof and the structure. It also
works as a rain-driver and sunlight-preventer.
The window can be adjusted in three ways
1. Closed-shutters : block everything from the outside into the building
2. Opened-shutters : let air to comes into the building
3. 90 degrees flipping : let more air to comes into the building
There are 2 types of vertical supporting system
1. Squared buttress : support the walls and emphasize the building's shape and dimension
2. Rounded column : to support the structure and safer to children
First Row
DANO SECONDARY SCHOOL
Dano Village, Burkina Faso
Finished 2007
Dano school is like an upgraded version from Gando school,
changing from I-shaped to L-shaped, divide it into 5 identical
blocks. 3 of them are identical classrooms, 1 of them is teacher office and
one of them is taken out, leaving a void and replaced with oval-public seating.
The brick making method is a bit higher technological :
mix sand, clay, water together > put it into a mechanical machine >
compressed it so we get a piece of brick.
Francis still concentrated on porousness and ventilation system.
We can still see through the building through windows.
Communal space is added into this building.
The space in front of / behind the building and
the seating space are being used for public meeting.
There is a slight change for the shape of the corrugated roof.
Its more wavy-shaped but still works exactly the same as Gando.
Ventilation system is quite similar to the previous one :
Air flow between 2 walls through windows. Elevated roof
provides air flow under it, but one thing that is
added into this system is inverted-U-shaped ceiling.
There gaps between the ceiling. When air comes in the interioroity
of the school, it will be sucked up through these gaps, flowing out from the space
under the roof.
Window still works exactly the same function as Gando
There are 3 adjustments (the first 2 performing is the same)
1. Closed-shutters : block everything from the outside into the building
2. Opened-shutters : let air to comes into the building
3. Window slide-up : It is easier to perform than 90 degrees flipping but
amount of air penetration remains the same
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There are some architectures that share the same concept
or system in the same way as Dano and Gando school.
Marie Short House - focused on space division and void
Marika Alderton House - focused on ventilation system
The Yellow Submarine - focused on roof system and porousness
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